What is Cancer? | Gotirth

Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. In a healthy body, cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly manner to maintain normal tissue function. However, cancer disrupts this process. When genetic mutations occur in certain genes, they can lead to abnormalities in cell growth and division. These mutations can be inherited or acquired throughout a person's lifetime due to various factors such as exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substances), certain infections, lifestyle choices, or random errors during DNA replication. The mutated cells divide and multiply uncontrollably, forming a mass of tissue called a tumor. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, are cancerous and have the potential to invade surrounding tissues or spread to distant sites through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This process is called metastasis. Cancer can affect any part of the body and is often named after the organ or tissue where it originates. There are numerous types of cancer, including breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and many others. Diagnosing cancer usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs), laboratory tests (like blood tests or biopsies), and sometimes genetic testing. Treatment options for cancer vary depending on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Early detection and advances in treatment have improved the outlook for many cancer patients, but the management and prognosis depend on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, overall health, and individual circumstances. It's important for individuals to undergo regular screenings, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and seek medical attention if they notice any unusual symptoms or changes in their body.